Task things

P. 275 - Create a mind map explores the spectrum of peace. Include elements of harming, justice, freedom, cooperation and absence of war.#

 

P. 296 - Approaches to pacifism#

Personal Pacifism

personal refusal to participate in war or violence. May not believe violence is always wrong, but that it is a morally preferrable way of life

Moral Pacifism

All life is sacred. Assumes all life should be difficult or impossible to justify taking life. May arrive at this conclusion that may not allow for a quick compromise (like pragmatic or relative pacifists)

Anti-War Pacifism

Basic term - individuals argue against violence but would act in self defense if loved ones were at risk. Resistance to institutional violence of war but willing to acknowledge that self defense may be warrented direct physical violence

Some that believe violence for self-defense still not justifiable, that non-violent responses could be made

Feminist Pacifism

Examine a movement of non-violence, and see how it intersects with gender. Women and children disproportionally affected by conflict, famine, closed borders. Sudan, Gaza, Iran. 

Universal Pacifism

Made famous by Gandhi, opposing institutional violence, religious wars, violent cultural conventions (racism), economic violence, environmental violence, interpersonal violence (rape, abuse, neglect)

Pragmatic or Relative pacifism

May forego beliefs if they are compelled by the justification of conflict

 

 

Conscientious objectors - refuse performed military service

 

Case study: Migrant labor#

Direct and structural violence

Case Studies

 

Galtung's extended concepts of Peace & Violence#

May be an oversimplification of peace

Sometimes way of approaching peace may be limiting

Negative peace - while not necessarily in active conflict, there is a still a group of marginalized and enough human right violations and structural injustices that can foster growth into active violence.

To get true peace must be multilateral institutions and ability to support each other. Actual protections of rights and freedoms and equality. As injustices get corrected (South Africa, Rwanda) can transition into positive peace